2026
Quantifying Uncertainty in Spatial Prediction for Nonstationary Spatial Processes
Spatial ExplicitTrustworthy GeoAI
P. Luo*
Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 116(8), 2012–2036, 2026
The Cartographer as Auditor: From Invisible Uncertainty to Reliable Spatial Knowledge
Trustworthy GeoAI
P. Luo*, X. Lou
CaGIS 2026 Conference (Vision Paper), St. Louis, MO, 2026
★GeoXCP: uncertainty quantification of spatial explanations in explainable AI
Trustworthy GeoAI
X. Lou, P. Luo*, Z. Li, S. Gao, L. Meng
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 40(9), 2753–2783, 2026
Quantifying the Spatiotemporal Predictability of Dengue via Temporal and Spatial Lags
Spatial Explicit
E. Massey, C. Liu, P. Luo
IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2026), Washington, D.C., 2026
Navigating Hierarchies in Hyperbolic Space: A Knowledge-Driven Graph Network for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Imagery
Transferable GeoAI
W. Cui, P. Luo, W. Li, X. Xu, J. Chen, C. Chen
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 152, 105435, 2026
Urban motifs associated with population health
Transferable GeoAI
W. Yap, F. Duarte, Y. Zheng, K.M. Jang, P. Luo, P. Vineis, C. Ratti, F. Biljecki
Nature Health, 2026
Ethical Spatial Analysis: Addressing Endogenous Bias Through Visual Analytics
Trustworthy GeoAI
C. Chen, P. Luo*, B. Zhao, S. Wang, Y. Feng, L. Meng
Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 10(1), 4, 2026
Mathematical Foundations and Challenges for GeoAI
Spatial ExplicitTransferable GeoAI
Z. Wang, P. Luo, G. Mai
Geography According to Foundation Models (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 422), IOS Press, 51–74, 2026
Buildings as Text: A Universal Regression Paradigm for Building Attribute Prediction
Transferable GeoAI
C.-C. Wang, P. Luo*
EGU General Assembly 2026, EGU26-8402, 2026
Weighted Bayesian Conformal Prediction
Trustworthy GeoAI
X. Lou, P. Luo*
arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.06464, 2026
Real-time multi-depot urban logistics optimization in megacities via transformer-based deep reinforcement learning
Transferable GeoAI
Q. Guan, Y. Fan, Y. Wang, L. Liang, P. Luo, Y. Yao
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 40(4), 1107–1130, 2026
★Focal-Feature Regression Kriging
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, Y. Wu, Y. Song
Geographical Analysis, 58(2), e70035, 2026
An infographic framework of GeoAI ethics based on news data
Trustworthy GeoAI
C. Chen, M. Wei, P. Zhang, P. Luo, L. Meng
Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 53(2), 188–208, 2026
Measuring univariate effects in the interaction of geographical patterns
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, Y. Li, Y. Song, Z. Li, L. Meng
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 40(2), 382–413, 2026
Uncovering spatial process heterogeneity from graph-based deep spatial regression
Spatial ExplicitTransferable GeoAI
D. Zhu, S. Wang, P. Luo
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 232, 509–523, 2026
2025
A Robust Geographically Optimal Zones-based heterogeneity model for analyzing the spatial determinants of national traffic accidents
Spatial Explicit
H. Luo, P. Luo*, L. Meng
GIScience & Remote Sensing, 62(1), 2448283, 2025
Uncertainty-aware geospatial visual analytics
Trustworthy GeoAI
X. Lou, P. Luo*, L. Meng
Abstracts of the ICA, 10, 182, 2025
Modeling shared e-micromobility as a label propagation process for detecting overlapping communities
Transferable GeoAI
P. Luo, C. Song, H. Li, D. Zhu, S. Hu, F. Duarte
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 122, 102336, 2025
Towards the Uncertainty-aware Geospatial Artificial Intelligence
Trustworthy GeoAI
X. Lou, P. Luo*
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on AI for Geographic Knowledge Discovery, 76–80, 2025
Species habitat modeling based on image semantic segmentation
Transferable GeoAI
L. Wang, H. Tan, P. Luo, L. Meng, T. Fei
Scientific Reports, 15, 33936, 2025
GeoEvolve: Automating Geospatial Model Discovery via Multi-Agent Large Language Models
Transferable GeoAI
P. Luo#, X. Lou, Y. Zheng, Z. Zheng, S. Ermon
arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.21593, 2025
★GeoConformal Prediction: A Model-Agnostic Framework for Measuring the Uncertainty of Spatial Prediction
Trustworthy GeoAI
X. Lou, P. Luo*, L. Meng
Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 115(8), 1971–1998, 2025
Evaluation and Spatial Optimization Model of Urban Medical Resource Distribution Considering Equity and Efficiency
Spatial Explicit
Y. Yao, Y. Wang, L. Liang, X. Yan, A. Dong, Q. Guan, P. Luo*
Transactions in GIS, 29(5), e70089, 2025
A unified ontological and explainable framework for decoding AI risks from news data
Trustworthy GeoAI
C. Chen, P. Luo*, H. Zhao, M. Wei, P. Zhang, Z. Liu, L. Meng
Scientific Reports, 15(1), 25621, 2025
Interpreting core forms of urban morphology linked to urban functions with explainable graph neural network
Transferable GeoAI
D. Chen, Y. Feng, X. Li, M. Qu, P. Luo, L. Meng
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 118, 102267, 2025
Modeling hydrous mineral distribution on Mars with extremely sparse data: A multi-scale spatial association modeling framework
Spatial Explicit
L. Jiao, P. Luo#, R. Huang, Y. Xu, Z. Ye, S. Liu, S. Liu, X. Tong
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 222, 16–32, 2025
An explainable spatial interpolation method considering spatial stratified heterogeneity
Spatial ExplicitTrustworthy GeoAI
S. Cheng, W. Zhang, P. Luo, L. Wang, F. Lu
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 39(3), 600–626, 2025
Understanding of the predictability and uncertainty in population distributions empowered by visual analytics
Trustworthy GeoAI
P. Luo, C. Chen, S. Gao, X. Zhang, D. Majok Chol, Z. Yang, L. Meng
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 39(3), 675–705, 2025
Spatial Stratified Modeling
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo
International Encyclopedia of Geography, Wiley-AAG, 2025
Explainable Mapping of the Irregular Land Use Parcel With a Data Fusion Deep-Learning Model
Trustworthy GeoAITransferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, R. Gao, H. Wu, A. Dong, Z. Hu, Y. Ma, Q. Guan, P. Luo*
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 63, 1–15, 2025
Geographical Scenario Knowledge-Informed Graph Structure Attention for Image Segmentation
Transferable GeoAI
H. Zhao, P. Luo, W. Cui, C. Xia, X. Xu, Z. Feng, J. Chen, J. Wang, W. Xun, C. Chen
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 63, 1–16, 2025
2024
Predicting the locations of missing persons in China by using NGO data and deep learning techniques
Transferable GeoAI
A. Dong, Y. Zhang, Z. Guo, P. Luo, Y. Yao, J. He, Q. Zhu, Y. Jiang, K. Xiong, Q. Guan
International Journal of Digital Earth, 17(1), 2304076, 2024
Automated external defibrillator location selection considering myocardial infarction risk and medical resources
Spatial Explicit
Y. Yao, L. Shao, H. Yin, C. Xu, Z. Guo, H. Chen, J. Cheng, X. Zhang, J. Xie, C. Feng, Q. Guan, P. Luo*
Transactions in GIS, 28(7), 2157–2179, 2024
Pervasive impact of spatial dependence on predictability
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, Y. Song, W. Li, L. Meng
arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.14722, 2024
A spatio-temporal unmixing with heterogeneity model for the identification of remotely sensed MODIS aerosols: Exemplified by the case of Africa
Spatial Explicit
L. Yang, P. Luo#*, Z. Zhang, Y. Song, K. Ren, C. Zhang, J. Awange, P.M. Atkinson, L. Meng
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 132, 104068, 2024
Generalized spatial association modeling driven by the nature of geospatial data
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo
Ph.D. Dissertation, Technical University of Munich, 2024
GIMI: A Geographical Generalizable Image-to-Image Search Engine with Location-explicit Contrastive Embedding
Transferable GeoAI
H. Li, J. Wang, B. Teuscher, P. Luo, M. Werner, G. Mai, D. Hong
ICLR 2024 Workshop on Machine Learning for Remote Sensing (ML4RS), 2024
A multimodal data fusion model for accurate and interpretable urban land use mapping with uncertainty analysis
Transferable GeoAI
X. Yan, Z. Jiang, P. Luo, H. Wu, A. Dong, F. Mao, Z. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Yao
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 129, 103805, 2024
A hyper-knowledge graph system for research on AI ethics cases
Trustworthy GeoAI
C. Chen, Y. Feng, M. Wei, Z. Liu, P. Luo, S. Wang, L. Meng
Heliyon, 10(7), e29048, 2024
Unveiling public perception of AI ethics: an exploration on Wikipedia data
Trustworthy GeoAI
M. Wei, Y. Feng, C. Chen, P. Luo, C. Zuo, L. Meng
EPJ Data Science, 13(1), 26, 2024
Uncover the nature of overlapping community in cities
Transferable GeoAI
P. Luo, D. Zhu
arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.00222, 2024
2023
A locally explained heterogeneity model for examining wetland disparity
Spatial ExplicitTrustworthy GeoAI
Y. Li, P. Luo#, Y. Song, L. Zhang, Y. Qu, Z. Hou
International Journal of Digital Earth, 16(2), 4533–4552, 2023
Extracting the pickpocketing information implied in the built environment by treating it as the anomalies
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, A. Dong, Z. Liu, Y. Jiang, Z. Guo, J. Cheng, Q. Guan, P. Luo*
Cities, 143, 104575, 2023
Towards resilience effectiveness: Assessing its patterns and determinants to identify optimal geographic zones
Spatial Explicit
T. Cheng, Y. Zhao, Y. Song, L. Ma, Z. Zhang, P. Luo, P. Gao, M. Zhang, C. Zhao
Journal of Cleaner Production, 429, 139596, 2023
A site selection framework for urban power substation at micro-scale using spatial optimization strategy and geospatial big data
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, C. Feng, J. Xie, X. Yan, Q. Guan, J. Han, J. Zhang, S. Ren, Y. Liang, P. Luo*
Transactions in GIS, 27(6), 1662–1679, 2023
Predicting mobile users' next location using the semantically enriched geo-embedding model and the multilayer attention mechanism
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, Z. Guo, C. Dou, M. Jia, Y. Hong, Q. Guan, P. Luo*
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 104, 102009, 2023
Revisiting the role of distance for spatial prediction
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo*, Y. Song, L. Meng
Abstracts of the ICA, 6, 148, 2023
The Potential of VGI and Traffic Flow Generation Model for Solving the Traffic Sensor Location Problem
Transferable GeoAI
Z. Liu, P. Luo, C.E. Murphy, L. Meng
Abstracts of the ICA, 6, 145, 2023
A comparison of spatial prediction methods
Spatial Explicit
Y. Song, Z. Zhang, P. Luo, Q. Cheng
22nd Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG 2023), Trondheim, 2023
Explainable spatial heterogeneity model for association analysis
Spatial ExplicitTrustworthy GeoAI
P. Luo, Y. Li
30th International Conference on Geoinformatics, London, 2023
Geocomplexity explains spatial errors
Spatial ExplicitTrustworthy GeoAI
Z. Zhang, Y. Song, P. Luo, P. Wu
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 37(7), 1449–1469, 2023
Fast optimization for large scale logistics in complex urban systems using the hybrid sparrow search algorithm
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, S. Lei, Z. Guo, Y. Li, S. Ren, Z. Liu, Q. Guan, P. Luo*
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 37(6), 1420–1448, 2023
A generalized heterogeneity model for spatial interpolation
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, Y. Song, D. Zhu, J. Cheng, L. Meng
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 37(3), 634–659, 2023
Elucidation of spatial disparities of factors that affect air pollutant concentrations in industrial regions at a continental level
Spatial Explicit
Z. Zhang, Y. Song, P. Luo, P. Wu, X. Liu, M. Wang
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 117, 103221, 2023
2022
Sensing overlapping geospatial communities from human movements using graph affiliation generation models
Transferable GeoAI
P. Luo, D. Zhu
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on AI for Geographic Knowledge Discovery, 1–9, 2022
EARTH OBSERVATION FOR LAND COVER AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
Spatial Explicit
Z. Zhang, Y. Song, P. Luo, P. Wu
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLVIII-4/W5-2022, 211–218, 2022
Early Detection of Suspicious Behaviors for Safe Residence from Movement Trajectory Data
Transferable GeoAI
J. Cheng, X. Zhang, X. Chen, M. Ren, J. Huang, P. Luo
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(9), 478, 2022
An unsupervised approach for semantic place annotation of trajectories based on the prior probability
Transferable GeoAI
J. Cheng, X. Zhang, P. Luo, J. Huang, J. Huang
Information Sciences, 607, 1311–1327, 2022
Identifying determinants of spatio-temporal disparities in soil moisture of the Northern Hemisphere using a geographically optimal zones-based heterogeneity model
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, Y. Song, X. Huang, H. Ma, J. Liu, Y. Yao, L. Meng
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 185, 111–128, 2022
Classifying land-use patterns by integrating time-series electricity data and high-spatial resolution remote sensing imagery
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, X. Yan, P. Luo*, Y. Liang, S. Ren, Y. Hu, J. Han, Q. Guan
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 106, 102664, 2022
RunnerDNA: Interpretable indicators and model to characterize human activity pattern and individual difference
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, Z. Wang, P. Luo*, H. Yin, Z. Liu, J. Zhang, N. Guo, Q. Guan
arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.07370, 2022
2021
A spatial second-order non-stationary interpolation method for large area mapping
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo*, Y. Song
Abstracts of the ICA, 3, 187, 2021
Spatial disparities in trade-offs: economic and environmental impacts of road infrastructure on continental level
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, Y. Song, P. Wu
GIScience & Remote Sensing, 58(5), 756–775, 2021
UrbanVCA: a vector-based cellular automata framework to simulate the urban land-use change at the land-parcel level
Transferable GeoAI
Y. Yao, L. Li, Z. Liang, T. Cheng, Z. Sun, P. Luo, Q. Guan, Y. Zhai, S. Kou, Y. Cai, L. Li, X. Ye
arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.08538, 2021
Transferability of Convolutional Neural Network Models for Identifying Damaged Buildings Due to Earthquake
Transferable GeoAI
W. Yang, X. Zhang, P. Luo
Remote Sensing, 13(3), 504, 2021
2020
Random Forest Model for the Estimation of Fractional Vegetation Coverage Based on a UAV-Ground Co-Sampling Strategy
Spatial Explicit
J. Cheng, X. Zhang, M. Sun, P. Luo, W. Yang
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 56(1), 143–154, 2020
2019
Modeling Population Density Using a New Index Derived from Multi-Sensor Image Data
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, X. Zhang, J. Cheng, Q. Sun
Remote Sensing, 11(22), 2620, 2019
Gridded population density estimation based on multi-source remote sensing data and POI data
Spatial Explicit
P. Luo, X. Zhang
Joint EOEC-GiT4NDM 2019 Conference, Chengdu, 2019